The Correlation Between Television Advertising And Obesity

INTRODUCTION The increased prevalence of child obesity has served as momentum for research to determine the nature, dimensions and significance of the relationship between Television advertising and obesity. This issue has raised major debates among policy makers, academicians, the public and even marketers themselves. The most commonly used measure of obesity is the Body Mass Index (BMI) and it is calculated by dividing the weight by the square of individual’s height. The Hasting’s review (2003) states that a majority of children’s food promotion is conveyed by television advertising, with the majority of such promotions focusing on sugar laden breakfast cereals, confectionary, soft- drinks and savory snacks. According to the Centers†¦show more content†¦More recently, Caroli et al. (2004) offered supporting evidence that exposure to diverse media content which includes food advertising was of great influence on children’s eating habits. Henderson and Kel ly (2005), established children’s frequent exposure to TV snack and enticing fast-food advertising as very are important factors in that contribute to them developing unhealthy eating habits that could result in obesity. Concern about food advertising directed toward children, estimated to be more than $1.6 billion per year annually (FTC 2008), has grown, along with the incidence of childhood obesity, which has tripled in the past three decades (Harris et al. 2009). The relationship between advertising and obesity is even yet the more strengthened by theories like the classic externality theory of obesity which postulates that the obese are more inï ¬â€šuenced by external stimuli than are the lean (Schacter, 1971). It can be assumed that the predominant advertising techniques aimed at children are inhibitory in nature on purpose such that children are less willing to critically evaluate specific advertisements. LITERATURE REVIEW According to the American Association of Paediatrics (AAP), the average child in the United States watches about four hours of television daily. If time spent in front of the television playing video games or watching DVDs is added, the total time spent sitting in front of the TV screen increases (AAP

Essay on Steroids in Baseball - 2587 Words

Hall of Shame Baseball has always been known as â€Å"America’s Favorite Pastime†. Over the past decade, the game America knows and loves has been exposed as a game full of cheaters. Major League Baseball(MLB) has had over one hundred players test positive for performance-enhancing substances over the past fifteen years. Performance-enhancing substances increase a player’s ability to produce better stats to help his salary. The past fifteen years of baseball have contained dirty play by some of the best players to ever play the sport. Kids all over America look at these athletes as role models. The money hungry players proceed to send a terrible message to fans of the game by taking drugs to succeed. After commissioner Bud Selig cracked down†¦show more content†¦Because steroids were not deemed illegal in baseball until 2005, players like Clemens and Bonds felt like they were not breaking any rules or regulations. Although they may not have broken MLB ru les, they broke the spirits of baseball fans all over the country. Over the past fifteen years, the players have thrown their morals away at the first sight of a $. Without thinking about the kids who one day want to slug seventy homers in a season, major league players have set an example by saying â€Å"Well, I guess it’s ok to cheat to be rich and famous.† Millions of little leaguers all over the world look up to these athletes. Look at the message that is being sent to the kids when their role model is injecting steroids just to be good at a game, how far must it go? Steroids are not only unfair to the fans of the game, but also the other players in the league. It is not fair to the players who play the game fair currently or to the retired players whose reputations are comparable to those of the players who took shortcuts to succeed. The fair players should not be referred to as â€Å"Pretty good for not taking steroids† to label their caliber. Steroids hav e ruined the credibility of many great talents in the game of baseball and need to be eliminated. Over the past decade, Major League Baseball has seen a dark period now known as â€Å"The Steroids Era†. From 1994 to 2006, 115 MLB players were linked to steroids or other performanceShow MoreRelatedBaseball and Steroids741 Words   |  3 PagesConfirmation/Argument Despite steroids having multiple negative effects on both athletes and the game of baseball, they also have good effects too. The first positive effect that steroids’ provide would be the fact that steroids help speed up recovery time. When a person is heavily stressed Cortisol is produced to help the body and mind handle the stress. However, because cortisol is so strong; in the process of trying to relieve stress it also damages muscle tissue and slows down the time it takesRead More steroids in Baseball Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pages Steroids in Baseball: The Future of Baseball nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It was a warm, sultry night in September. The fans were crazed in anticipation as Mark McGwire stepped to the plate. With a gentle stretch, he paused, patiently poised, waiting for what would eventually be the greatest hit baseball had ever seen. The pitcher, Steve Trachsel, came set. He shot a determined look to the dirt. In a rivalry such as this (Cubs, Cardinals) he did not want to be the one to give up the great numberRead MoreSteroids Abuse in Baseball1746 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of Americas Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. 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The most popular form is a pill and is easy to take. The draw back of the pill is it is hard on the liver and kidneys because it passes through the system in a couple of hours. Another popular form is cream. The cream’s advantage is it is easy to apply and is less harmful to the body. The draw back is it is very ineffective. The last form is injection. Injecting straight into the muscle gives the best results. Most serious athletes thatRead MoreSteroids in Professional Baseball2189 Words   |  9 Pagessurveyed that all the athletes in baseball that were tested for steroids and shown positive should have been banned from the game. In the year 2005 it was discovered that two out of three people agreed with banning the players who made it to the Hall of Fame but tested positive for steroids. Most if not all people consider this action cheating and frown upon its use. How could this be? In today’s readings of sports articles and papers, fans tend to think that steroids give other players an unfair advantageRead MoreEssay on Steroids in Baseball1012 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Steroids in Baseball† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Today in the United States, millions and millions of kids, teens, and adults watch and play in the sport of baseball. It is probably the number one sport looked upon and what is happening to it is a bit discouraging. Players have started â€Å"cheating† by using steroids to help them play stronger and better. They are in league where you have to be the best at what you do to play, and if your using drugs to cheat yourRead MoreSteroids in Professional Baseball Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesin Major League Baseball is the discussion of the use of steroids and human growth hormones. Both are completely illegal in the sport, and come with drastic consequences. One would think a fifty game suspension as a first offense would scare players away, but for some reason steroids in baseball is occurring more and more often to the disappointment of Major League Baseball. The reason players take steroids in the first place is to enhan ce their performance on the field. Steroids make players strongerRead MoreSteroids in Major League Baseball800 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Major League Baseball Anabolic steroids have been abused by Major League Baseball players for years, it’s time to forever ban the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs before they ruin America’s past time. Why should athletes be able to cheat when teammates or rivals are competing with honest effort? Every year records are broken and new heights are achieved, the game of baseball is very simple yet very humble, and to deceive the game you love, forever will you be punished. Let me informRead MoreEssay on Use of Steroids in Baseball4327 Words   |  18 PagesUse of Steroids in Baseball Since Major League Baseball all-star Ken Caminiti openly admitted to Sports Illustrated to have used steroids during his career, steroid use as a muscle and performance enhancer has been uncovered and become a big issue Major League Baseball is wrestling with. The â€Å"ongoing and delicate subject, baseball’s dirty, little secret that is no secret anymore,† is a huge and growing problem (Curry B20). Now that light has been shed on the issue, critics are beginning to

Evolution Alongside Creationism School Free Essays

Engwr300 Online Essay #2 10/21/2012 Evolution alongside Creationism School In the essay â€Å"Why Evolution should be taught in public school† by Laura Kahn. According to Kahn, we need to educate the next generation of scientists on understanding how microbes develop and change to give them the tools to develop treatment against antibiotic resistant bacteria emerging viruses, and other deadly microbes. As she learned from her time in medicine, she recognizes the necessity of learning evolution to develop treatments in this rapid microbial environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution Alongside Creationism School or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unfortunately, certain aspects of society insist that religious doctrine be taught instead of evolution. According to a 2005 Harris poll, a majority of U. S citizens believe in creationism. Another survey show that two-thirds of U. S citizen believe creationism should be taught alongside evolution. Mrs. Kahn believed if we fail to teach science in public schools we would become scientifically illiterate. Therefore, we need to remain vigilant that our children receive a good science education to further enhance human understanding, and a good science education includes learning about evolution. In the nineteenth century, during the â€Å"Spontaneous generation† scientists and physicians were unprepared in developing strategies against infectious killing diseases. Until French chemist Louis Pasteur convince the world that invisible microbes caused disease, which disprove and replace the spontaneous generation with the germ theory of disease Pasteur theory, suggested that life could develop from nonliving organic matter. Pasteur study fermentation and spontaneous generation in 1859, he discovered a link between microbes, fermentation, and putrefaction, and diseases, however, convincing the scientist and medical profession to accept the idea was a challenge. Kahn example of â€Å"spontaneous generation shows what could happen if children are not educated about evolution, future generation wouldn’t be able to understand little details about germs and how they work. Further Laura H. Kahn shows the difference between creationism and evolution. She says that creationism is the belief that God created the heavens and the earth, and all living beings. Charles Darwin’s â€Å"theory of evolution† is controversy of creationism because it undermines religious doctrine. Proponents of creationism say that it is a scientific theory. They state that creationism is an alternative scientific theory to evolution. People who believe in creationism can’t prove existence of God and not even people who believe in evolution can prove that there’s no God. The first public disputation on creationism versus evolution was in1860 between Thomas Huxley and Bishop Samuel Wilberforce. In 1925, Tennessee passed the Butler Act that interdicted to teach evolution in public schools. The ACLU chose to protect any teacher who violated the act. There was one teacher named John Scopes, he discussed evolution with his biology class at the Rhea County High School. He was sued for it and was convicted and fined for a hundred dollars. But in 1927, John Scopes was justified and also Tennessee abolished the Butler Act. Germ theory of disease helps us to understand the causes of infectious disease and evolution helps us to understand the development of antimicrobial stability. Kahn thinks that â€Å"we need to remain vigilant that our children receive a good science education to further enhance human understanding. And a good science education includes learning about evolution. † Concurrently with the time of Pasteur, the director of the Museum of Natural History, Felix-Archimede Pouchet claimed he had product spontaneous generation, but Pasteur work on fermentation conceived him otherwise. So, he decided to disprove Pouchet’s claim with his experiment to show that different concentrations of microbes existed depending on the location and elevation. Pouchet tried duplicating Pasteur’s result but failed, so Pasteur demanded that the experiment be repeated by a commission appointed by the Academy of Science and that the experiment be conducted in a laboratory in the museum of Natural History. After the experiment, the academy later issued an official announcement that Pasteur had successfully disproved spontaneous generation. Yet, spontaneous generation proponents in other countries still attack his findings. Until, German physician Robert Koch proved that bacterial is the causes of a number of infectious diseases finally putting spontaneous generation to rest. For the longest time in history, people understood the nature of epidemics and to develop effective preventive and control strategies against infectious diseases. Kahn also agrees creationism verse evolution. â€Å"Creationism† is the belief that a deity created the heavens, earth, and all its living creatures. Although, many civilizations have creation stories rooted in religious belief. Unlike spontaneous generation that is based on observation. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution was develop after collecting extensive data while on a five year, round the world journey aboard; Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation based on scientific theory on observation. Proponents of creationism propose creationism is an alternative scientific to evolution, yet they don’t provide scientific evidence for the existence of an intelligent deity. Instead they cite gaps in evolutionary theory. She asks the question, how would someone prove by observation and experimentation the existence of a deity or how would someone disprove evolution? She explained there’s extensive evidence in the fossil record in genetic code, and in rapidly evolving microbes, and experimental results of thousands of years of human genetic manipulation through selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals. Kahn makes a very valid point in defense of evolution, she writes a well put together argument, and she supports the evidence for the existence of evolution, but expects the same from the creationists. Kahn enables readers to think clearly about the effectiveness of creationism and evolution. However, acquiring the permission to teach evolution remains a problematic issue since teaching evolution is prohibited as it is against the beliefs of many people. Which I don’t understand, I believe it show be up to the teacher to decide when lecturing about creationism because evolution can easier be link with creationism in school for a better understand with the children and they could think about new information for themselves whether he or she agree or disagree, but I think completely avoiding the topic can be harmful in the future for health reasons. Finally, Kahn’s main point I believe is to inform the readers about the evolutionary education, and not to eliminate creationism from school, her goal is to ensure that evolution be considered important as it will direct our future generation. Just how Pasteur and Darwin, she hopes someone will do same for evolution. Kahn provides valid facts with actual evidences to help guide her readers in learning the importance of teaching evolution in public schools. How to cite Evolution Alongside Creationism School, Essay examples

sexism Essay Example For Students

sexism Essay INTERRACIAL RELATIONSHIPSbyDevaceo S. MitchellEnglish 1123Professor BrownApril 19, 1999Mitchell 2OutlineThesis: Stereotypical society still views interracial relationships as controversialbased on their relevance to social, racial, political issues, and personal experiences. I. Social ReactionsA. Racism, Stereotypes, ControversyB. Relation to Actor-Observer TheoryII. Race ReactionsA. Third-World Opinions on Interracial RelationshipsB. Cross -Cultural Perceptions III. Political AspectsA. Place of Loyalties IdentitiesB. Politicization of Dating/ Marriage ChoicesIV. Personal ExperiencesA. Filipino (mother)/ Swedish (father)B. Mexican (father)/ German (mother)C. African-American (father)/ Caucasian (mother)V. ConclusionMitchell 3INTERRACIAL RELATIONSHIPSLiving in a world where society controls the greatest influence on individual mindset,interracial relationships are viewed by some as a racial barrier and to others as a formof multicultural diversity. Relationships today are evaluated differently and produce mixed personal reactions. Because of such differing mindsets, society will never be united under one sole positive perception of any given relationship. For point of discussion, an evaluation of interracial relationships will be performed. Stereotypica l society still views interracial relationships as controversial based on their relevance to social, racial, political issues, and personal experiences. Firstly, we will deal with social reactions to interracial dating. Interracial dating is still a very controversial issue in the United States society. Much of this is due to the prolonged racism and stereotypes. Racism is defined as the preconception that a person or the basis of race, performs inadequately or has negative characteristics ( Woodson 13). A theory that is often related to interracial relationships is the actor/observer theory. This is the tendency to attribute our own behavior to external, situational factors, but to attribute the behavior of others to the internal dispositional factors such as choice or will. An example of this is if a child is dating someone of another race and the parents do not like the person who their child is dating, the parents and the child may argue about the situation. The parents inter traits from behavior, have a tendency to perceive their teen as stubborn, difficult, rebellious and too independent. Both the parents and the teens see thei r behavior as being motivated by external factors. External factors, such as movies, television, and magazines, influence society about interracial relationships and dating Mitchell 4 (Hewett 9). It is proven that 71% of African-American-white marriages are between black men and white women.This is probably due to the factors like the sports illustrated swimsuit issue, which portrays white women as the ultimate sex symbol (Bode 43). A stereotype often heard is that African-American men have a sexual prowess that white men lack. Likewise, Asian women tend to date white men due to the stereotype that they are submissive. Many of these stereotypes have been brought up by television, media, and other forms of communication. If you can get past the stereotypes and preconceptions, then one can accept interracial marriages and relationships (Bode 43). Another interracial relationship topic is race reactions. Although a lot of the information pertains solely to white and black, studies have shown that there still exists a conflict with interracial dating and marriage. Studies have also shown that a commonly held belief involved in intra-third-world interracial dating is not as talked about but also more acceptable (Dutton54). Everyone wants to talk about the controversial thing white, non-white dating. With a certain segment of the third world community, it is more accepted because at least its third world. In some interviews held about the controversial Wall of Shame which provoked a deeper look into interracial dating, some interesting ideas were brought up. For instance, several individuals perspectives on the issue suggest arguments for or against interracial dating are not grounded in close-minded views or an unwillingness to experience cross-culturalism. Rather, notions of the community, solidarity, self-esteem, and standard s of beauty played a more important role in formulating opinions about dating between Mitchell 5different races (Rosenberg 33). Some individuals may not accept interracial dating due to a desire to maintain solidarity within an ethnic community. Moreover, others see the ethnic communities as a source of strength and unity for many students, and shared values within these communities are of much importance. Moreover, the third world community also displays the need to maintain a notion of solidarity. The reason the third world community and the individual minority communities are so strong is believed to be because of their size. Because theyre so small, they need to hold on to their sense of community, which would be shattered if someone dated interracially. A lot of strong social networks are formed around these communities simply because theyre small and exclusive to their individual race (Mathabane 75). Moreover, according to on colored person, a lot of what is talked about withi n a community of color is oppression. Interracial dating is therefore seen as contradictory. There is, once again, that strong need to stick together because of a common bond that is shared that whites dont understand. The lack of understanding would consequently cause tension within an interracial relationship. It has also been shown, through studies, that interracial within the minority community is more acceptable than dating outside of the minority community. This perhaps is a consequence of that common bond that is shared within minority groups (Davol 83). Another aspect of tensions with interracial dating is political. Some individuals interpret loyalties and identities through who a person dates. The politicization of dating choices, however, takes something personal and private and makes it public and political (Wyeth 67). Nothing EssayThe following experiences have been experienced by three members of different racial backgrounds. All experiences are interpreted by their point of view. First to be mentioned is a female student whose mother is Filipino and father is Swedish. The second scene mentioned concerns a male student whose mother is German and father is Mexican. Finally, the third experience to be mentioned concerns a female student whose mother is Caucasian and father is African-American. There was a conflict with my dads side of the family because of a racist uncle. He saw my mom, my brother and I as ruins to the perfect Aryan blood line. He always saw my mom as an airhead even though she was currently a practicing nutritionist and lawyer, but couldnt see her or her race any other way, states the female student with a Filipino mother and Swedish father (Rosenberg 59). The male student says, When I dated a black female, my father was bitter, harsh and didnt accept it as well as if I had dated a white female. Whenever this black female called my house and I wasnt home he wouldnt transfer the message to me. After questioning my parents about the noticeable situation my mother replied that they had no problem with the relationship. My father refused to speak about the subject. Growing older, he has fixed in his mind that black race has brought him trouble and he feels that the black race today is somewhat intimidating (Rosenberg 59).Mitchell 9 The young lady with an Af rican-American father and a Caucasian mother stated, When shopping with my mom, people would often assume that I was adopted or sometimes that I wasnt even her child. One example would be when I was younger and I got lost in a department store and a store clerk tried to help me find my mother. I pointed a blond-haired white woman (which was truly my mother) and the clerk said noshe couldnt be your mother and continued looking for a dark-skinned mother. My mom and dads mother would not get helped at a gas station together while being in the south, because racial mixing was not accepted. This was around 1975 (Rosenberg 60).As can be seen, interracial relationships are still a controversy in some parts of the U.S. Many cultures do not want their children dating descendants of other races, however, the controversy pertaining to interracial relations is held to a lower level than in past history. In fact, interracial dating and marriage are much more acceptable today inalmost all aspects of cultural diversity on social, racial, political, and personal issues. Mitchell 10WORKS CITEDBode, Janet. Different Worlds: Interracial . New York, NY: F. Watts, 1989Davol, Marguerite W. Black and White, Just Right. New York, NY: Putnams, 1995. Dutton, John R. Children of Conflict: Study of Interracial Sex Marriage. New York,NY: Dutton, 1975. Hewett, Lorri. Lives of Our Own. New York, NY: Dutton Childrens Books, 1998. Man Keung, Ho. Building a Successful Intermarriage between Religions, Social Classes, Ethnic Groups, or Race. San Francisco, CA: B.F. Publishing, 1987. Mathabane, Gail. Love in Black White: Triumph of Love over Prejudice and Taboo. New York, NY: Random House, 1994. Rosenberg, Maxine B. Living in Two Worlds. New York, NY: Putnams, 1997. Toyomi, Igus. To Mrs.Gibson.. San Francisco, CA: Childrens Book Press, 1995. Woodson, Jacqueline. If You Come Softly. New York, NY: Putnams, 1998. Wyeth, Sharon D. Ginger Brown, Too Many Houses. New York, NY: Random House, 1995. Wyeth, Sharon D. The World of Daughter McGuire. New York, NY: Delacorte Press, 1994. Yep, Laurence. The Cooks Family. New York, NY: Putnams, 1998.